|
Brief history of the
automobile. The first step was the driven
vehicles to steam. Century XVII is thought by the end of
that the initial attempts to produce them were carried out
in China, but the older documentary registries on the use
of this driving force date from 1769, when the writer and
French inventor Nicholas-Joseph Cugnot presented/displayed
the first driven vehicle to steam. It was a tricycle of
4.5 tons, with wheels of wood and iron rims, whose motor
was mounted on the cranks of the wheels of a car to
transport tubes. Its prototype crashed and one second
machine was destroyed in 1771, but the idea would be
retaken and developed in England in the following years.
Until 1840, 40 cars and tractors more driven to steam were
constructed in this country than. Per 1836, even, 9
diligences to steam circulated regularly, able to
transport each one between 10 and 20 about 24 passengers
to km./h.
The search was concentrated in some form more practical to
move the self-propelled cars. And the solution appeared again in
Europe in 1860, when the Belgian Etienne Lenoir by the end
of patented in France the first motor to explosion able to
be used on ideas appeared in England century XVIII. The
way was drawn up, but they would have to spend other six
years until the German Gottlieb Daimler constructed in
1866 the first automobile driven by a motor of internal
combustion. Its prototype was a giant of almost two tons
of weight that was presented/displayed in the Exhibition
of Paris of 1867 by its pattern, the German industrialist
Nicholas Otto. It was the base of the new industry.
After years of work, the same Daimler hardly devised a
variant of 41 kg that would be the precursor of all the
later motors to explosion.On this power plant the
mechanical engineer Karl Benz (1 844-l 929) designed the
first usable vehicle impelled by a motor of internal
combustion; it was a small tricycle that began to work at
the beginning of 1885 and was patented the 26 of January
of 1886. The same Benz presented/displayed a first
automobile of four wheels with its mark in 1893 and
constructed a car of race in 1899. But although its
company had been pioneering, at the beginning of the new
century had been left something relegated to refuse to
incorporate the most modern advances obtained by other precursors, like
Daimler and its partner, Wilhelm Maybach. Everything which
caused that in 1926 the Daimler Motoren Gesellschaft
megred aeon to integrate Daimler-Benz, that would be the
predecesora of the most famous Mercedes Benz.
 In 1897 and after years of efforts, Robert Bosch was
able to develop a magneto of ignition of practical
application and almost simultaneously he began to work
the motor of pre-ignition of Rudolf Diesel, whom he did
not require of an electrical system of ignition. Of step,
we say that the fuel for the common motors was not
problem, because another German, the professor of
chemistry Eilhard Mitscherlich had discovered the
benzine in 1833, with which already the hydrocarbon was
available I eliminate that gasoline by derivation of a
Russian word happened to be called: naphta.
It was a prolífica time for the automobile. In the last
years of century
XIX, a young called French Louis Renault armed his first
car in a factory installed in the bottoms of the house of
his parents. In 1892, the North American Henry Ford armed
his first rolling machine with motor to gasoline and in
1908 Ford T sent, but its name would only monopolize the
fame when as of 1913 the first production line
significantly diminished the costs when installing in its
factory of Highland Park, denominated thus because it
really consisted of a metallic chain that enlisted in the
chassis.
Ford sold 15,000,000 of units of its Ford T between
1908 y 1928 and its mark would be only beaten in 1972 by
another popular automobile, the Escarabajo de Volkswagen.
Next to Renault and Ford, nevertheless, it would be
necessary to also name other pioneers who forged the
history of the automobile. For example, the aristocrat and
runner of races Charles Stuart Rolís, Ettore Bugatti,
Ferdinand Porsche, Armand Peugeot, André Citroën, Ferrucio
Lamborghini, Enzo Ferrari. With them and who followed was
being constructed them the era of the modern car, that one
that still today, more or less aerodynamic, we see walking
by the street. In Buenos Aires few marks of automobiles,
all European existed, and whose reach was into the hands
of few usandolos potentados like luxury articles.
|
